Governor for turbines.



W. L. R. EMMET & O. JUNGGREN. GOVERNOR FOR TURBINES. APPLICATION FILEDMAY 8.1903.

, 9Q2,219 Patented oon.l 27, 1908.

` 8 SHEETS-SHEET 1` I* O Y EO i I a!V /IOS V1 g. l 8.0. E4

(0@ Q Lrg) @QM @@,CD Q CD) @CD ,Witnesses W. L. R. EMMET a 0. JUNGGRENGOVERNOR POR TURBINS.

APPLICATIONHLBD Mus, `190s.

902,21 9 Patented 001;. 27,1908.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

55 ff" y W'. L. R. EMMBT & o., JUNGGREN.

GOVERNOR FOR TURBINES.

APPLICATION PILBD MAY 1903.

Patented Oct. 27', 1908.

'7 asHBBTs-SHBBTS.

Inventors:

no 6D A wsmamLRgEmmet; C )cardun bg M Wi th esses :"4'

W. L. R. EMMET L 0.. JUNGGREN.

GOVERNOR POR TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY s, 190s.

Patented @Ca2/,1908.

s SHEBTS-"SHEBL figa Witnesses" J PST?,

WQL. R. EMMET JUNGGREN GOVERNOR POB. TURBINBS. APPLIOATION rum MAY8,1903.

902,219, Patented '0013. 27, 190s.

lnvetos: William LREIml/net Oscar" dunggrerw,

W L. R. EMME? EP Q. JUNGGREN.

GOVEENGR TURBINES. APPLIGATIQN FILED MAY a. 1093.

Pawn' 063.2731908.

W. L. R, EMMET @a Q. JUNGGREN. GOVERNOR FOR TURBINES.

APPLIGATION FILED Mu, 1903.

Patente Oct. 27, 1908.

a SHEETS-SHEET s.

WILL AM L. R. EMMET AUQD OSCAR JUNGGREN, OF SGHENEUFADY, NEW YORK,ASSIGNO'RS T GENERAL ELECTRIC COMRXNY, A CORPORATION Ol" NEW YORK.

GOVERNGR F022, TURBINES.

Specification oi Letters Patent.

Patented 00e. 27, 190e.

.Application filed iisg' 8, 1993.A Serial No. ldlm.

VMET and OSCAR Joneennn', citizens of the United Sintes, residing' etSchenectady, in the county oi Schenectady, State 'oi New York, haveinvented ceraein new end useful. .Improvements in Governorsi for'`nibines, of which the folowing is e speoiicetion.

The present invention is, in certain of iis aspects, en impoveineniioverthe invention described and claimed in Potent Qeg' dated June 26, 1906,of 6230er Jnnggron, one of the joint inventors oi' the present.application.' j

We have found that'xvlien die total volnine of fluid sup lied ifo eturbine or llnid 'motor is control ed by even o reletively ,large numberof seperatelyeetneted valves the enionntfofniotive fluid ndniiled io oront oli from' tliebucketwheel or pist-on, by the Aopening or closing ofa single nozzle or nozzle seetion, is greater than is usually necessaryto compensate for n given change in lood in other Words, either tooinncii or loolil/tle inotive fluid is admitted lo the wheel, hence dievalve et the side of the heli? or Column oi l'luid is eontinneilyopening end .closing `With this nrirni'igenient the regnlniion is coarseso to speakl und there is o. tendency for the speed. to Seesen' abovesind below tlie normal. This Aendeney is oonneriwied lo n large degreeby the ily-wheel notion of the moving; parte, and the quick opening,Tsind closing of one or more valves. .it is obiectionaible however incertain innonines to iuive iluidnolunted valve oonuinnnli," opening andclosing; for regulating purpi e, on :iccount of the inertie of theiints, which tends to enlise pounding, end nino liecnoee of the nenrznidionrllieiiwu. rllie` snnilier die numl cr of nozzle sections employed Loluindlo the lluid ille grenier will lio thc iiolioonliie eil'cct of(vulling one ol' lflieni inno or oui of service. W'o overcome tirooliiceiion nbovo poinlod out lov orovidii'ig` n llirotilo vulve wliiclitlirotiles-i'lio admission of iluid lo n. given nozzleI or nozzlesection liv :in oinouniy lilnir is snilioient lo moet tlie conditions ofervue. This volvo is v ,rrnngod lo incinte before :ind filler enclinozzle 'volvo for sinnll lood verinlions. 'Flint is lo soy, \.\.'licnl'lic lliroile volvo con no longer incoi (lio rwniironieni', bylluobtling, an nozzle vulve oncrnlos ond `the l'ornior 11 lunedniielynssnines o. ncw posil `minor nnd nl'lerwnrds returned to the lioi'lciaftion sind osoillaies to and lro unlil n new condition is inel; whichdemands the notion of 'e nozzle va-ive. The ilirottle-end ilu-Pictu-:ited' nozzle valves nre so nrrnnged however with respect to tliegovernor mechanism *dint sudden :ind insite-rial allonges in load willfirst inove the tilirotnle volveto its onen position sind thereafter thenozzle vulves will open one by one o. in n. predei'orniinod inenner-until iii@ supply of motivo liuid is snif slinntiiilly equal to diedemand, niior n'liieli the itliro'nfle volvo ooln'es into plny to indiocoro of intorrnedioie loiid velues und oii'oi lofid variations. (lninsuorinl dooionses in lood tlio reverso nclion mises pince.

@Wing no the iurge voluinc oi lluid required to opifi'ne liiglrpowcrediurliincs, tile cubic-nl contents oi ille conduits nliicl convoy illeiluid orc lorde, lionne zi, cons-ii lern nio o nun nit of' 'fluid nniyoe are pped lietn con iii@ cidmfl" vidve sind the nozzles or nozzlevolvi lion the 'orinoris suddenlv dosed. fili n t the seine l "ne 'thenininvnivo i. osod the loud is bliron'n oil', there is e tendency i'orthe tnroiiif, zo roce in cose of leiding@ lirongli the nozzle o1" nozzlesections because ii requires only" n noni'onrn- Gil tivelv smell amountoi" 'i'lnid' o drivc the Wliee, or wheels under-'these oonclinins, imliyioulnrly where the turbine iseonnei d ho n condenser whichinnintiiins'e liigliy in the latter onse tliovni'iuuni eroi-eps bock into the'Liirliine. ircquently being;-noiieeolilo in tiie irsi stage, :ind @licrosiLjtuino oilored tothe rotiitiono'ltlie wlieolorwiiee c rrespondingly decreinida,`

A seooiid prominent feature Voi' onrinvention consists in providingmoons n'luroiiy' *die stemn, instead o? beingf trnppcd in ,thccondui'i's when the emergency cutfofiv lvc isA closed, is disclnirgcdcitlicr to :dinos into n. ooiulonser. ln lille l'oliner coso airisndinilbod to tln.'iurliinening or siull :rnd lln`lcondenser, :indopposing (lic rosisinnce ol' lll/in dirlo the rointie'un ol" lvlicwliecl or wlicclsf in lille liliu-` tor coso the disclnirgcd sicnin iscinidcnsod' illus breaking f lic Yocvuuini Turbines nro usually nrrnngcdto driven f-onunon loud. 4For example, @zich liurliino muy lnivc :igenerator which is conncciod-Ilzo llicl usliors ol' llic powornlfotion.)lli` lining nroi'crnlilc, in so ini' :is Vit is possililiyto door; niccncli turbine nl ornlioup iis lull loi1d`clnpiu-ily, il,lnicoincsnecessary to cui, turbines l motive huid.

into and out of service the load changes, and to do this it is necessaryto adjust the governor or governors of the incoming turbine or turbinesso that it or they will take the proper proportion of the load, andprele'rably this should be done from some point adjacent to theswitch-board where the load conditions can be observed by suitableindicating devices. in order to fuliil this condition we provide anelectric motor that changes the tension on an auxiliary spring; whichcooperates with the main spring ol the governor'to oppose the action olthe centriiugalweights. I

lt is oi the utmost importance to constantly maintain the circulation oilubricant to the bearings when the turbine is running; this beingparticularly true where the weight of the revolving structure is'supported by a step-bearing, since failure of said circulation ioranyappreciable time means the ruin ol the bearing or bearings, and perhapsof the intermediate and wheel buckets. 'l his being so; it 'follows thatit is oi equal importance to `irovide means for causing the n'overnor toshut oll' the motive iliiid as soon as there is any interruption in thesu ply oi lubricant; or as soon as it decreases by a certainpredetermined amount.v To meet this condition we provide a means thatmaintains the overnor in working relation so long as the glow oflubricant Acontinues uninterrupted, but as soon as it'falls oil by a orceases the certain amount governor shuts oil the supply of forthwithcularity and exactness what we believe to be novel and our invention.

in the accompanying lrawings which illustr te one orm which ourinvention may taire; -hure 1 is view vin elevation oi a vertical turline; F ig. is an enlarged sectional view showing' the relation oi thevalve mechanism to the nozzles and buckets; 3 is a section takensubstantially et right angles to that oi Fig. and illustrates therelation bctween the nozzle sections and the buckets; Fig. 4 representson an enlarged scale a portion of a turbine together with a group ofnozzles and their controlling means; Figo is a vertical section throughthe throttling valve oi the governor; Fig. 6 is en end elevation of theelectrical controller; 7 is a f cross-section of the controller showinga c@sims appended thereto we proceed to setI brush in engagement withthe contact cylin' dcr Fig. 8 is a similar v1ew showing a. brush movedout of' engagement w1th the contact cylinder; Fig. 9 is a partial planview ol' the controller viewed in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 7Fig. 10sliows a means employed to impart rotary motion between thecontact and cam cylinders of the controller; Fig. 11 is a perspectiveview of one of the contact lingers; Fig. 12 is an enlarged detail view;partially in section, of the speed-responsive device, together with themeans employed to adjust the tension of its opposing spring; Fig. 13 isan enlarged detail view, principally in section, of the vswitch fordisconnecting the governor motor whenever the tension on the governorspring is increased or decreased bcyond a certain predetermined amount;Fig. 14 is a plan view of said switch; Fig. 15 is a diagrammatic viewillustrating the circuit connections of the governor; Fig. 16 is adeteil view in section ofthe emergency governor; Fig. 17' is a. detailview in side elevation of one of the Weights and its holder foractuating the emergency governor; Fig. 18 is a plan View; partially insection; of the structure shown in Fig. 17; Fig. 19 is a plan view of amodified form of the auxiliary governor wherein sli htly different meansare empl@ ed to tripwt 1e butterfly valve Fig. 20 is a etail view invertical section of the fluid-actuated switch that acts as an emergencydevice to clit oil the steam or other motive fluid in case of failure ofthe oil supply to the bearing or bearings; Fig. 21 is ev detail view inside elevation of the Ineens employed to trip the butterfly valve; Fig.22 is a front elevation of the structure shown in Fig. 21; Fig. 23 is adetail view of a slightly modilied form of mechanism lor actuating tlecontroller cylinder; and Fig. 24 is a. diagrammatic view showing therelation of the columns of motive fluid rnd the eil'ect of thecontrolling devices thereon. Y

vln the drawings, 1 represents the base of the machine which may beconnected to ay condenser iljdesired. Mounted on the base .of themachine is a casing 2 Which incloses two or more bucket wheels andintermedietes; the latter being located between the rows of wheelbuckets. The intermediate buckets are supported by the late 3 which isdetachably secured to the w eel'cas-iug or shell.- The left-hand sideofthe casing is provided with a conduit 11.v whichis closed when theturbine is running condensing and is connected to a suitable dischargeconduit when the turbine is running non-condensing. Situated directlyabove and mounted on the easing is a; stool 5 which is provided with anumber of openings, preferably spaced equidistant, to receive the groupsof nozzle valves 6. |The nozzles and the valves for controlling them aredivided into a number of groups, and the several groups aredisconsiderable steam trappml botiwn,

.cont-,rolled by the gatooalvo il.

. this nozzles.

tributed at equidista'nt points around tho t o- .riphery of the Wheel.The construction of tho nozzles und the 'Valves foi controlling tliGmwill be mora fully described li whirlitei. Surrounding the stool anni:li-ruiwml to supply motive :tluiil to tho Volvo olio 'i :i circular.conduit or pipe 8. The mlmimioii oi' steam or other motive fluid to thooouilixit '.llii .'alvo is provided with screw-throallori Siem iti ouwhich is 'mouutod a girar that iiiishc-s with si similar gear on. theoppor @mi ol" the spiiiillo ll. 'Nea-r tho lower @nfl tho :spimlloproviiiloil With hand Wheel which. is rotaia-,ri iu order to importlongitudinal moromout to the valve stem l0. @Whig lo' tho hir-fj@ amountoi steam which has to lio handled oy the gatovalve ail auxiliary valve,12 is priv 'vided by medias ol which steam is sliiii'iloil past the moinvalve. for the, purpose of @ouah izing the isjossiires on oppositesitios tir/wool". This auxiliary Valvo is oontrolloil oy it sight (llo1.3 and n hand Wheel 'that is screwthromlod thereto.' 'The (ronduit 8has o suhstantia-l cr sssoction so that the 'loiir of steam to theseveral valve chests will he practically unrestricted. Thi@` imams thatlutteijy-va,lve and tho nozzle?. valve the turbine is suddenly sluitflovrLLA l simount of steam thus trapped is suiicieiit omis@ the turbineto iii ons@ the; loge/fl i thrown oil. This is especially trou whore theturbine is operating with :i minimiser mai ono or more of the nozzlesections or romains open (lue to i1 faulty vulve. 1-r- :illy Speaking;Wo consider it lo imhlo to pro vid@ cach of' tho nozzle Sestini@ with :icogitrolliiig volvo hut under @or `.n. conditions iiy may ho (loomoilwlviszilo to pi "sirio olio 'vilve lor tiro or moro Sections.

osslmiifil hoix'vvor to so arrange th ?}:o'- Qriior that it mi out oil'all olf' tho stoom to YWith. a construction of' tho kind siiccilioilthor@ is lizihlo to lo n certain umol/Uil ol' leakage around the nozzle,riilift-S Whom uloiofl, nml thisy loathing@ would :it timos hesullicioii't lo @Suso tho tui-laine to raso imloss special moons voroproviiloil to poriiii't "this stoz'iiii within tho ooiifliiit to escapo.

'This matter will ho liioro lolly rolxrrml lo limoni-filiali' iiicommotion with thv hiitt'urlly wlw amil onwrgoiicy lfm/armor.

lilountofl ori iiio mill ol oml ol tho vulve ch ts is :i volvo lfl,iiig. l, which vorlag tho olle tiro lilichzirgjo ol lliiifi from. our oftho no lo soi-,tions uml m this m'wirwr rompen-- solos lor iriiiiorchzuiggwi in loas. :mil ihm; Caisses: tix-9 .rogfuhri/ioii lo hh limrthan rvhoi'o n hof/mii* lim-tion ira niet nolnploivly hito or out ofservire imhss tho lziltm' :ii-lion is, :ii Limos Very rapid or thollyxvliool Lotion ol l'lw mov-- ing parts great, or footh. .iii the;-'prosoiit illustration ol' our iiwemoi tho volvo l1 iw of thethrottliiig typo.

Mounted on the sido of the, casing 2 is im electrical mnt-roller l5.This Controller and the tlirottlmg 'valve afro connected by a, lowiwithilif Iguvoriior. is the rod. moves up oli/.l lown it imparts motion tothe controller Cylii'rclor :tml also to the throttle valve, the ports;boing so arranged that the iirst portion ol the movemoiit of the, rodallects the throtx tlsV valve wil-@thor it 'be moving upward. ordownward.. il ir the Valve has movod s, predetermined distancetheoontroller oylin l rocks ioriy'ziril or backward hy amount:iiiliioiciit to oi'irfrgizo `or tlenowiZo :t magnet i into or out ofservice ono of the sootioiis of the rio/azie. lil/'heil thv load Varioswidely the Volvo will Stay iii n.11 :spoil or closed position until thoContact cylinder has caused. tho propor nunk hor of valves to operi orclose.

./ioii1itmi on the Stool 5 is fi'ilynamo-eleoti'f.- machine 18 ol' any.suitable character, the, ono shown lieiiig designed to furnishziltornai-ing current. Thocasing 'of the dynamo is provided with :t@over 19,` and .ir wu 1 oztriioil my the of the dynamo. In oriior toallungo tho tension ou tho governor imelootrio motori/ill is providedwhich rough suitable worm gearing :mil u l spriii on tho bolhorzml;lever 2l.

Rotor-ring to 2, .7 romeo/ots tlio valve olie t, und 255 @i .y oi' thenozzle valves for com trolling the admission oi' 'lid to it section ol'tho .nomi/,lo EG. Tho lattoi' bolted. lo the iunior siilo ol thoStemlroliest amil roiiiovzihlo alloro/With., Tho stoom christ ifiprovided with latorzil lftiiggos that ongrigo with tho oovor 17 oll thoWheel casing or @hell and mit :is supporto therefor. Thel bucket whoolis mi 2H, :mil where two or more rows :1ro provided lh@ intm'nwiliutohiioliots 2Q iro momiimlfholori-foil the rows. Tho intorlncllhito hiwlunro ofirriml hy i support or @luto il that is 'lho (fusing ooltml tothi.` shall or casing 2. i5 diret-ily oonuortul to :i tomloiisor Si()into wliii'li tho simi-m is discharged.

'Erich nozzle valvois controlled hy :in mi ilizir); or owoiulnry volvosoiiiotimos culled ze, .'iliijv volvo rrhh-h iii turn Controls thopitsigz ol' sloom to uml from the. oylimlor xpm-,o amil( ol' the pistonilo. Nhor this volvo is iii tho position lHhowri, the sparo lmok ol thepisto?L ifi comioctml lo tho iiisiilo olitho Hholl olx ihr lirst stimohy lim pipo Il?, :rml this'iwzms limit tho nozzle \':lv 25 is on thopoiiit' ol' opeiling. .in orrlor to irisuro prompt closing ol thoi'xozzlo .'zilvo :i coil spring is moimiiil in ha :la thereof.An'ziruhoil plat-c CSS is proilloel with ono or more rows of' hui-kots'vided that surrounds `the spring and is intended to act as a cushion toprevent the piston 36 from pounding. The secondary valve 35 is under thecontrol of an electromagnet 39 which acts on the head or enlargement 40of the secondary valve stem. When energized the magnet raises the valveand when denergized the valve drops due to gravity The construction andarrangement of all of' these nozzle valves and the means for oper`,ating them kbeing the same, further descrip tion thereof isunnecessary. v Referring to Fig. 3, we have shown a plurality of steamchest passages 41 each of which is governed by a nozzle valve 25.` Situated just below each of the passages and in line therewith is a bowl 42of a nozzle section. The nozzle sections are each designed to con- :verta certain amount of the pressure of the steam into velocity anddischarge it against the wheel buckets 28 in a manner to cause rotationthereof. fter the motive iluid leaves 'the'wheel buckets it im inges onthe intermediate buekets 29 whic in turn reverse its direction anddischarge it against the adj acent wheel buckets at the proper angle.EX- panding nozzles are shown in the drawing for discharging fluid tothe wheel but other Vforms of fluid-discharging devices can be employedwithout departing from the broader as ects of our invention.

eferring to Fig. 4, we have shown one -group of nozzles, together withtheir controlling means.- In the present instance the nozzles or nozzlesections are divided into grou s each of which contains twelvesectionscoll tlie character shown in Fig. 3. l .This means that there isa total of thirty-six nozzle sections in the iirst stage of the machine.Each oi these nozzle sections is adapted to be out into and out ofservice by a nozzle valve 25 which has an open and a closed position butno intermediate. lt all oi' the sections are in service and one of themis cut out it means that the total volume of luid delivered to the wheelis decreased by one thirty sixth. -We have found that in the case oflarge units this regu'-` lation is not quite line enough unless onevalve is capable of opening and closing, rap` idly under certainconditions, and we therefore provide a relatively slow moving throttlingvalve which is continually opening and closing as the conditions' oiservice vary. This throttlingl valve is situated at one side of thecolumn of fluid delivered to the wheel,

and preferably on the leading side, it being found best to vary thewidth of the column delivered to the w reel by cutting the trailingsections of the nozzle into and out of service one after the other butthis can be reversed if desired. By this means the continuity of thefluid stream as awhole can be maintained, but the width of the column orbelt can be decreased to suit the required conditions of service. Bylocating the throttling means at one side of the column the losses dueto throttling one section are reduced to a minimuni.

7 represents the valve chest, and mounted on the front face thereof area plurality of electromagnets 39. The connections of these magnets willbe referred to more fully hereinafter. The wires conveying'current toand from the magnets are incased in a suitable sheath 43. The wires forthe second and third groups of magnets are contained in the sheaths 44and 45. In the present instance these sheaths take the form of tubesywhich are supported by brackets 46 that are bolted to the casing of theturbine.

Situated on the rightdiand end of the valve chest is a throttle valve 14that is best illustrated in section in Fig. 5. Reerrin to ,this figure,4l represents the passage lea ing to the nozzle ,bowls 42, as shown 1nFig. 3. The section is so taken. that the observer is looking directlyat the nozzle valves 25. 47 A represents a chamber in the chest which isalways in communication with the steamcarryin conduit 8. A good idea canbe had of this camber, when viewed from a point at right angles totheone shown, in Fig. 2. At the upper end the chamber is provided with aport or passage 48 which communicates with a small chamber or pocket 49that is -formed in the end of the steam chest adjacent to the throttlingvalve. Between this pocket or chamber and the passage 41 leading to thenozzle bowl is a nozzle valve 33 by means of which the section can as awhole be cut into or out of service. Thisnvalve is advantageous inshutting down the machine. Between the receiving and discharge ends oithe passage 48 is a throttle valve 50 that is moved up and down by thecentrifugal governor. This valve is preferably of the balanced type, andas it moves up and down it varies the size of vthe opening into thelower part of the conduit 48 and. in this man, ner the volume of steam.or other elastic fluid. which ilows to the hrst nozzle section on theleading end ot' the group; it being understood that the rotation ol thebucket wheel in liig. 4 is` from right to left. lt is true that in orderto obtain the maximum eliciency with exnanding nozzle it is necessary tomaintain t ie volume constant for which it is intended, and that todecrease the volume ilo win g through the nozzle means that the nozzleor nozzle section does not act as eiliciently as the other nozzles; butsince this section forms such a small part of the total it can bedisregarded, and at the same time we are able to obtain closerregulation, which is a matter of extreme importance.

Referring to Fig. 4, the valve stein 51 of the throttle valve isconnected to a lever i6 which in turn is (Konnected to-the governor rod17 and to the rack 52 that actuates the cylinder of the controller 15.The governor valve lo its extreme upper position, alter;

which 'the pin 54 acts es u pivot und thcrac-lir0d 52 importsino.'einent to the controller cylinder. 0n the other hund, ussuine thatthe governor rod 1s moved .don-'nwordly,

it tiret cause-stiro throttle vulve to close grediutlly, utter whichmovement is imported to the controller cylinder.

From the foregoing it will he seen that' u greduel t'l'irottling ol onenow/.le section 'trikes place before the cylinder is rotated, whichineens that this thrhttling taires place belore end eftere completenozzle section is cut into ory out oi. service by the controlhn. Thereis 'oi' course ey certainv amount of fric tion in the velve und thecontroller, and the arrangement oi levers should he, such that the portswill operate in the nisnncr speci tied; and While we have shown what wehave found to he e satisfactory arrange-nient, we

'do not Wish to be understood es limiting ourselves thereto.

In Fig. 6 is shown an end view of the controller 15 with e. pinion 55mounted on the end of the cem shaft 56 und engaging with the rech 57thot is carried hy the lower end o'l" the rod521 Reerrinv to Figsf? .tol] inclusive, the mechanicalyeonstruction of the controller will hedescribed. lt is essentiel in constructions of this kind that goodbright contact surfaces he presented to the brushes or lingers zit alltimes, and it is also important that the brushes or fingers be soarranged that the circuit between thein end the contact cylinder will bequickly interrupted when it is desired to ineke u change in the circuitconnect-ions of the magnets. To this end we provide contact finger orbrush 58 for eech magnet that is to he controlled, since we iind this inrangement to he desirable, hut under eertein conditions the nuinher oibrushes een he diiierent from the number of magnets that ere to hecontrolled. Mounted on the shult 5h within the controller easing is acoin cylinder 5) having the necessary com surfaces efrrunrcd to uctuutethe brushes succo 'ively The urrungemcut o'l these com surfaces is wellshoe-'n in Fig. l). ltwill be noted that the creases from left to right,Which ineens that the other. After the brush is moved into or out olengagement with the contact cylinder 'l'urthcr movement of the canicylinder hss no clleet thereon. Frein this lit follows thst l l l i l vsiiidsurlztcesbright and elesn.

lciurthv ol' these surfnces successively in l I cylinder operated hy urecit they `will engage Witlrthe brushes one otter i n each brush isoctueted hy a mechanism that includes u lost-motion connection. rl`l;eurriingcnicnt is meile necessary hy reason oi' the luci thut certain oithe brushes must be lient in engagement with the con tuct cylinder toenergize the controllingmagnets lil while the other brushes inust. helient out oi' eng-ugemcnt with the cylinder to permit the noni/ilesections to he cut out. fr

'lhe brushes are comuosed of two metu pistes il() that ore securedtogetluir in my suituble manner. The end adjacent to the cuni cylinderis provided with u roller (lilikwwhich roller arranged to engage with u,cum suriece on the cylinder. The opposite ond o'l` the contact deviceis provided with :i detschuble contact crush The hrush is held in phtccby the spring` in the motel plates formingr the device itscll", und hyslightly rounding the outer end ol the plutcs the brush con be rcudilybe slip )ed into place. The contact devices are 'pivotally mounted in :tsupport 67 and the pivot is locuted adjacent to the end oil the devicecarrying the roller. The object et this nrrungenient is to impart uconsiderable movement to the brush G6 lor e, very small movement ol' theroller 65, sind in 'this nntnner insure the complete interruption of thecircuit between the hrush ond the contact cylinder'. The brushes urenormally held in engagement with the contuct cylinder 68 by the spring"rCurrent is conveyed to the contact cylinder by the brush 70 or by othersuituhle ineens. 'lhe contact cylinder is mounted on u shoit 71 thut issupported in hearings formed in the ends oi the controller easing. Thebrushes ere senin-steil one from the other hy pertitions 72 so to)revent the orc from jumping troni one hrusih to :mother` The contactdevices :t whole are mounted on en insuhit ing su port 73 which in .turnis mounted on on inc ined-support 741 The ports ere mount* ed es shownso that they muy readily heinsnected when the casing is ren'ioved. lnorder to transmit motion from one cylinder to the next, it belt 75 isprovided which may he of any suitable character. In ythe presentinstance it is shown es consisting of n, coiled extension spring, theobject of this mrengeinent heing to insure thotlthe belt shell he tightet :ill times. lt is arranged to run over gr ioi'ed pulleys otter-,hedto the ends of thc shafts 56 und 7 l. As shown the cont ect cylinder hnsa greater angular movement-then tht, cuni cylinder, and the coiituctsurfaces thus ineke e sliding or wiping engagement which keeps employed.these ribhons ere Wound around the slceye in opposite directions so thatwhen the ribbon 75 is suhgected to stress it pin to the ribbon-carryingsleeve 78.

moves the 'cylinder in one direction and when the ribbon 77 is similarlySubj eeted the cylinder is moved in the opposite direction.

tion with F ig. 23. is extended outward beyond the controller casing andis provided with a detachable plate 79 which is connected by in ean oi'a 5V 1'6- moving the plate 79 the sleeve and the attached ribbons can beremoved Without disturbing the governor'7 thus permitting the i camcylinder to be removed.

Referring now to Figs. 12 to 14 particularly, the construction of thecentrifugal governor will be described. 80 re resents the main shaft ofthe turbine and rynanio, which shaft is provided at its upper cnd with aholder 81. This holder is vprovided with two pairs ol' outwardlyextending arms 83 between which are mounted the centrifugally 1actingWeights.- Twoweights are provided on each side of the axis ol' theshaft, and are g5 supported by the lever 84. lt will be noted that theknife-edge pivot 85 for the Weight arms or levers is nearer the upperweight than the lower. This means-that the lower Weight will overpowerthe upper Weight and as its ower increases due to centrifugal force, t1e effect of the upper weight is correspondin ly decreasing. To statethe inatteruin a 1 erent Way7 the weights are arranged in pairs and arecentrifugally and diiferentially acting on the governing mechanism. Inthe present illustration We have shown the Weights as being of the samesize,

with the pivot arranged nearer one weight than the other, but obviouslythe equivalent of this arrangement can be employed,

namely, making onenveight heavier than the other and supporting them atpoints equidistant from the knife-edge ivot. In order to adjust theweights the ends of the supporting lever 84 are screw-threaded,. andmounted thereonba're adjustin nuts 86. The supporting levers 84 are T-saped, and the.ad]acent ends ofthe lever are provided Withvmeans, such asa'tooth-and-groove' 87, whereby the action of the Weights Will besynchronixed;

The holder 81 is provided 'with a cylindrical extension at its upper endin which is located the f coiled compression spring 38. This e' ring issituated between a iixed abutment rormed by a shoulder on theholder andthe adjustable abutment SQ. The latter 'comprises a shouldered platewhich is se.

cured to the threaded sleeve 90 by a nut. The lower end of the sleeve isprovided with a projection 9i, and between it and the adjacent ends ofthe Weight levers are links 923 having knife-edge surfaces at the pointsof engagement. Mounted within the sleeve 9() is an adjustable holder 93for the lower cud of the'duinb-belllinlr 9e. This holder is providedwith an opening around the body oi the link to receive' ubricant, andsince the sleeve v 9() is closed at all points except its upper end,This feature of operatmg the cylinder will be 5 more fully referred tohereinafter vin connec- The cam cylinder snai't 5) any oil supplied tothe link connection is pre vented i'roin escaping. The holder is se- 70c u red in place by n'loclr nut which surrounds the link andis separatedtherefrom by a small clearance. This nut also serves as a, means iorpreventing the lubricant 'from es caning. -The upper end of thedumb-bell 7;. lin r is mounted in the end of the short arin of thebell-crank lever 2l. This lever is pivcted in extensions formed on thedome 20 that surrounds the moving parts of the governor. The lovver endci' thev bell-crank lever is cone nected by the rod 22 with thethrottling valvole and the controlling cylinder.'

Turbines are customaril so operated that they drive a common load thatis to say, the generators are connected to the bus-bars on theswitchboards, and the turbines are cut into or out of service accordingto the 'load on the system. in order to accomplish this in asatisfactory manner, it is necessary to provide means for adjusting orsynchronizing the governors of the severairnachines supplying power tothe switchboard. ac-

fo coinplish this we provide each governor with an auxiliary springwhich :iets in conjunction with the main spring to oppose the resultingaction of the centriiugally acting weights` This spring is adjusted asto its tension by means oi un electric motor which can be conH trolledfrom the switchboard or other suit-4 able place 'where there areinstruments for indicating the operating conditions. surning that thegovernors in operation are adjusted igor, 50() r. p. in. and the incorr.1g machine is normally adjusted for 510 r. p. rn. underload and 500 r.p. m. 'full load;4 the ncoming machine would by means'eil the synphronizing device have itsA governor adjusted to maintain the speed oithe rnacliine at about 50() r. p. m. so that it would only take itsshare of the load; As soon as bine assumes its load the syiuihroniningdcvice is caused to adjust the governor se th the machine will talle itsproper share the load. The speed oit the machine may be o. little aboveor below that of the oti'ier'nu.- chinos. ,'lhis is due to the peculiarcharac-y teristics of the generator.

ln addition to using the synchronizing device for bringing the incomingrua l to speed or into step i th the other it is used to proportion theload on the incoming machine, that is soy, it is son1etunes desirable tocarry o. little more or a httle less et iced on the incoming machinemeans are necessary to synchronize tl operation of the turbin'w whenworking in vlo battery, and that it is also desirable et times to adjustthe governor iu'order that it may moet the load conditions.

'The specific nie-ans employed lor adjusting end synehronizing` thegovernors 'will new be described. Extending outwardly troni the dome isa support comprising a tubular sleeve '95 in wliieh is mounted a S16which isI Capable of being rotated bb the governor motor under certainconditions. 'lo the underside ofthe fixed sleeve 95 is taehed a bracket97 which supports the i vcuit-breaker for opening the circuit ol' thegovernor motor under certain prodeterinhunl conditions, for example whenthe auxiliary spring has attained its maximum or niininiuni tension.Rigidly secured to the rotate ing sleeve 96 by a pin or otherwise is aload-- sorew 98 which on its left-hand end is providedwith on opening toreceive the end of the screw-threaded rod Q9. The opposite end ol: theredis pivotally attached to one :uin ol the lever 2l. Mounted ontlie rodis a screw-threaded piece or adjustable abut* nient 10() which isprovided with key-like ends that enter key slots 105 in the rotitingsleeve 9G so that the two will more in synelironisin. letween themovable abut-- ment and the riglitd'iaufl end of; lho sleeve is aeoi'npression spring 106, the oilect ol which added to that of then'niin compression spring S8. Mounted on the right-hand end of therotating sleeve 96 is a Worin wheel '1()7 Whichis rotated by the worinMountm8. ed on an extension of the dome is a governor lnotor 24 and onthe end of its armaturev Vshaft is the worin 108 meshing with the WorinWheel.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 1.3, the means employed to interruptthe eireuit oi the inotor, after it has adjusted the tension of thecompression spring 106 between eertain predetermined lnnits, will bedescribed. Mounted on the end of the bracket 97 is a dey taehableinsulating' base 109, or the base may be made of metal with insulatedconta-ets.

"This base is rovicled with stationery oontaets 11.0 an 111 and tWomovable .spring contacts 112'and 113. The-'oase is also provided with agroove '114 in which travels the lower end of a nut 115 that is carriedb T the leed-screw 98, Extending in opposite oireetions from the lowerond of the nut ere de vices for moving the spriugeontaets 112 and 113away from the lixecl contacts 116i and l 111 respectively. .The saiddevices are-adjustable S that the point for interrupting the vcircuit ofthe motor can be varied. Sinoethe nut 115 is `prevented. from rote-tingit follows that when the lead-sorew 98 is rotated by the Worin Wheell',the nut will be fed in one direction or the other depending upon thedirection of'iota-ton of the Worin Wheel. The moving' and stationaryeenv tacite are so arranged Nthat when the-v are edA l-'l' he i) novi.toward the right l .'Yiliary ning, lnniee the e' t thereof on k origineis inereoeod. @n the other hond, il ilie abu'ti ent nu; l to tl" left,the eli'ert of the spring; des j the ei'l'ect oi" the spring increasesthe amount of steam admitted to the turbine will nat-- orally inereoseunder 'the same condition operation, beeause the lower governor 'f ejillassume a, new' position a point Sonie- What nearer to the axis oirotation .than before.

Referring to Fig. 15, We have illustrated iliagranuuatiofzlly theeireuit connections oiE the controller and the governor. It will be`noled that the magnets 39 ere divided into ihre@ principal groups llo',1.17 and "D nipressee the i0. iQue/li one oll .these Agroups eoiitrols asorresponding number of nomic valves suc-h as :ire described inrounertion with Fig. 2. 'llie magnets in ille groupe ore wnueeted in. mu"plo, and. in rirruit with euch magnet is a resistance lll to preventexoossivo .lloW of current thereto. By using a resistance in series witheaeli magnet, the size of the inagnot as a whole can be reduced to ainininuun, :uid by varying the amount oi. resistance iu Circuit willioooh magnet the sai-nio magnets estu be employed l'or circuits having(.lill'orent pownrials.

vllio resistauoes are all muitained in a box 12o that bolted to theeasing of the turbine, as" shown in Fig. el, and the eireuit wiresleerling to and from are all inelosed in suitu able sheaihs or tubes.6l) yrepreseuts the oontaet luuslies which carry current to and from the.several nutgnets, and 59 the cani cylinder whieli aotuotes the brushes.com cylinder is moved by the 'pinion 55 and rook;

While We have showntlie brushes actu ated by a Cain eylinder, it to beunderstood that our invention is not limited -to this, for the brushescan engage ivi th a cylinder in 'the usuel Way so that the circuit ofthe brushes 'will be interrupted successively, The essentielfea'ture ofthe oontroller ie. to provide a group 1155, otter whieo. the ae on isrepeated.,

The

1o 70 is a conductor 123` fully described hereinafter.

engaging $5 irig the center of the trunnionf 133 By means of thisarrangement the steam stress is distributed evenly over the buclretwheel or wheels.

16 represents the lever for actuating the 5 controller and the throttlevalve, the latter having been omitted in the present figure. 121 and 122represent the circuit vires of the source of supply. Extending from oneof the wires to the controller cylinder via brush which supplies currentfor the several groups of magnets. The opposite terminals of the magnetsare con# nected to the conductor 124 which contains an oil-actuatedswitch 125 that will be'mcre It is suilicient for the present to saythat when the flow of oil to the bearing or bearings ot the turbinefails7 the circuit of all of the magnets is interrupted, which permitsthe secondarv 20 valves to dropand admit steam to the bac of the pistonswhich operate the nozzle valves and cause them to close and shut odsteam tothe turbine. This shuttin 'down'of the turbine when the supplyor" -ubricant '25 fails is othe utmost importance' because otherwise theturbine is liable to be greatly damaged. 21 represents the governormotor and 115 the means for automatwally breaking the circuit of themotor .vhen the tension on the auxiliary adjusting spring has reachedthe jrescribed upperor lower limit. 126 is a dou )le-pole switch forxterrupting the circuit of the motor. f

In order to prevent racing of the turbine in case of failure of thegovernor to operate, an

auxiliary emergency governor is provided which is best illustrated inFigs. 16, 18, 21 and 22. Referring more particularly' to these rigures,SO represents the main shaitvot' the tur 10 bine, and mounted thereonatvtwo or more points are holders 127 which carry centrifugally actingweights. Thee i weightsare normally held within a certain prescribedpath by suitable means, but when the speed becomes excessive th ey ilyoutwardly beyond their normal path and cause the interruption of thesteam supply. Eig. 18 best shows the conlstruction and arrangement ofthese weights. 128 represents a weight which is pivoted to 5o thecarrier 127, the latter being secured to the shaft by a numbenof bolts.The lever is provided with/two arms, one of which is adapted to stri zethe head of the plunger 130 under conditions of excess speen, the otherwith a springpressed abutment 131.. The abutment is mounted within atubul r sleeve 132 which is supported by trunnions 133, one of which isshown in dotted lines. t0 mounted in the sleeve is adjusted by the ad-The tension of the compressionspring justing screw 1t will be observedthat the oint of contact between the short arm of the ever- 12S and themovable abutment 131 is at one siderotthe` straight. line cornect v sothe point of contact more nearly coincides 110 to which is attached anarm 1/11.

`4137. 4is attached a link 144 that su with the line connectingthecenters of move ment above referred to. Asfdesigncd, so long as thespeed of the turbine is norm al, the point of contact between the shortarm and the abutment is always on the side of the center line as shown7but under excess speed conditions the point of contact crosses the deadcenter and the effect of the compression spring is then added to that ofthe centrifugally acting weight. By this means a blow is imparted to thelunger 130 and insures the prompt action oithe valve Ifor interruptingthe supply of fluid. The right-hand end of the, plunger engages with alever 135 which is pivotally connected .to a rod 136. :This rod extendsoutwardly from the shaft and is attached at its outer end to a lever 187which trips the mechanism that actuates the butterlyvalve 138, thelatter being mounted in the steam-carrying conduit 139 at a pointbetween the main or gate valve and the conduit 8 which conveys zles.

Referring to Figs. 21 and 22, the construe tion and operation of themeans for actuating the butterfly valve will be described. The valve ispivotallysupported on a srllrpltt 1s arm is rovided with ya pin 142,.shown in dotted ines, Fig. 21 and full lines Fig. 22, for preventing itfrom rising above the position shown, vit being tree however to movevdownward underl the action of the releasing mechanism. lfivotallyattached to the arm is a ti-shaped lever' 143 the short arm of whichengages with and isA locked in osition by a shoulder or trigger formedon t 1e lever To die long arm ol the V-shaped lever erts the weight 145.Attached to the si e of the conduit 139 is a relief pipe 146 containinga valve 147. As 'shown the valve is provided with a stem 148 whichprojects slightly from the valve casing and is adapted to engage, withand.. be depressed by a cam 149 that is attached to and moves. with thevalve shaft 1110. The object of this valve is to discharge the contentsof the stea r11-carrying conduit 8 into the condenser 30 or to theatmosphere, as the case may be, whenever the emergency governoroperates. In Fig. 1 the dischar e pipe 1116 is shown connected to tlc cndenser so that the discharged steamlshunts the wheel or wheels. v.Byrelieving .the conuid to the groups of nozduit o" all` of the steamcontainedy therein the turbine may be quickly sto pecl, otherwlse 1 itmight run for a considera e timeproviding 1t had been relieved of itsload. In order to release the butterfly valve by hand when .for anyreason it is desirable, handles 150 are 'attached te the'v lever 137.'These handles l l made shorter.

' any other suitable torni ot valve -an be einployed. The relation otthe pin 112 to the aria 1.11 lor preventing the latter from risingbeyond accrtain predetermiiied point also clearly shown iii this 'figureBy the arrangement described 'the turbine can quicklybe brought to astandstill without letting air into the condeiiser.

.Referring to 19, we have shown a slight modiheation ot our inventionwherein .the actuating lever 135 is arranged to worh @in a horizontalplano instead ot a vertical plane. The object of this arrangement is tocause the centrifugally and di iierentially actingl weight 12S to strikethe lever a glancing blow the heavier end moves outward under conditionsof abnormal speed. The weight 128 is provided with a pivot 129 locatedat a point between its ends, and the trailing portion 175 oi the weightis heavier than the leading portion and thus overpowers it. Underconditions ot excess speed the heavier portion 175 moves outward whilethe vforward and lighter end moves inward. liy reason of thisditerciitial action the spi-ing which opposes the weight can be rVlieweight is'carried by a support 127 that is bolted to the main shaft S0.The lever 135 Fig. 19, is mounted in a support`176 which is bolted to astationary part of the turbine frame. 1t is made in the forni of a bellcrank and the short ari'n attached by the rod 136 to the trigger ortripping device 137 shown in Fig. 16. There is a certain amount oi lostmotion between the short arni of the lever 135 and the nuts on the rod136. 'lhs object of this arrangeinent is to decrease the eilect of theblow from the weight 128 on the curved arm of the lever 135. intliisjtiguie, as well as in Fig. 18, thc relative arrangement of theparts may be such that after the speed of the turbine decreases by acertain amount the weight .128 will return to its normal position.

can, however, be so arranged that it requires the operator to push theweight back inanually before restarting the turbine into operation.

Referring to Fig. 20, we show in vertical section the fluid actuatedswitch 125 previously referred to in connection with Fig. 15. The switchcomprises a casing having two cylindrical openings in which is mounted adouble piston having heads 151 and 152. Fluid is admitted to thecylinder through the opening 153 and leaves thecylinder by the "opening154i'. 1t will bejiotcd that the pistons are perforated at 155 and 156.The object of this arrangement is to enable the switch to open in thereis a stoppage in the oil pipes or bearing. The piston may be arranged toina-he a loose iit with the cylinder in which case the perforations maybe dispensed with. In other words, the switch depends for its actionupon the flow of oil as distinguished troni a switch dependent upon oilpressure to hold it in position. It is evident that a condition mightoccur wherein the pressure on the iiuid system was normal, yet owing tosome choke in the pipes or elsewhere no oil would be flowing to thebearing or bearings. Hence the liability to injury of the latter wouldbe as great as though the pressure on the oil syst-ein had ceasedaltogether. It is to meet such a condition that the present switch isintended. l

Mounted above the upper piston head is a contact spring 157 which is'adapted to engage the iixed contacts 158 that are connected to thetwo'parts of the conductor 124. When the contact piece 157 engages thecontacts 15S the continuity of the returncircuit ot the magnets iscomplete; but as soon as the switch drops to the position shown, thecircuit of all the magnets is interrupted and the supply of steam to theturbine cut oii; '.iie contacts are carried by a detachable head 159,and between this headland the upper piston is a compression spring 16()that tends at all times to force the parts downward to the' positionshown. The spring is held away from the contacts by a tubular body ofinsulation 161. As the oil under pressure Hows through the opening 153it causes the balanced piston to rise and close the circuit of thecontacts 158. When the parts are in the operative position the spacesurrounding the contacts will be filled with oil under pressure, whichoil passes through the openings 156, as will also be the space betweenthe opposite piston heads. It will be noted that the piston always has atendency to drop due to gravity and to the action of thecompressionspring 160. This tendency to drop is opposed by the low ofoil from the passage 153 to the passa ef154. In Fig. 1 the step bearingfor the w ieel shaft is shown in dotted lines also the pi e 31 supplyingoil thereto. .The switch in ig. 15 shows the pipe 31 leading from theswitch, and also the 'receiving pipe 32 which is'conneeted to the Thisfeature was ed to the lower end of the bell-crank gov- IO `cover 19 oithe dy amc.

that is supported by a bracket carried by the A throttle valve la 1sprovided .as bollore and the stem thereof is connected by a link 163.Vith the lever 164. The lever is pivoted at one end to a bracket 165carried by a stationary support, and the opposite end is provided with aclamp 166 for attaining it to the ribbon 76, llhe lovver end ot thesecond ribbon 77 is attached to an extension springl .167, the lower endof which Yissecured to a bracket attachedto a fixed support. As thelever 2l swings around its pivot under the action ol the contritugallyand differentially acting Weights, oscillatory motion is imparted to thecam cylinder, and reciprocating motion to the throttle valve The clamp16 and the ribbonare so related to each etherl and the. friction of thetln'ottle valve and controller is such that the rst portion of the"movement of the governor lever 21 from a given position causes thepiston valve to operate, after which the controller is operated. Tostate the matter in dillerent Way, there is a lost-motion connectionbetween the throttle valve i4 and the controller whereby the valve andthe controller permit-ted to have dissimilar movements.

Referring to il, We have shown diacallyt ie rela tion the separatecolstcani or other .fluid that arebeing deivered to the bucket Wheel,the said columns being controlled by the groups ol" nozzles 116, 117 and11S, described in connection with 15. M38, 169 and 170 represent threeccillunms of fluid having such a cross-section that the proper amount'of fluid can pass to the bnf. Let wheel or wheels to furnish the 'l lthas been betere point- .i lill oi' the. stream or length thc sectionsor' the column 2' i irai t ol separately fnediatc,

f itis assrlned i les is in lserv im; ne load conditi! 1"., or at an inp nted. by the dot ed .fr frutlier change in loadv condinozzle sectionis cut into or out' ol service as the case may be. The throttle valveacts on f the leading side, and the independent nozzle valves on thetrailing side of the column. In this manner the sides only of theseparate columns are ailected, and the continuity of the intermediateportion is preserved at all times.` `We have found it sufficient to usea single 'throttle valve, which acts between each pair of nozzle valves,but We do not limit. ourselves to this, since more can be employed. ifdesired.

vVe have described our invention in connection with a jet machine but Wedesire to have it understood that certain of the novel features areapplicable to other types of turbines and we aim to en'ibrace such. ause in the claims The emergency valve and the actuating mechanismtherefor, and the synchronizing mechanism are not specifically claimedherein, because they form the subject matter 'oft our divisionalapplications, N. filed October 4, 1905 and S. N. 341,430, iled Uctober3l, 1906, which divisions were made at the requirement olZV the UnitedStates Patent Oflice under Rules 41 and 42.

In accordance with the provisions of thc patent statutes we havedescribed the principle oi operation of' our invention, together Withthe apparatus which we now consider to represent the best embodimentthereof; but We desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown isonly illustrative, and that the invention can be carried out in otherWays.

That We claim as new and desire to secure by llicttcrs Patent ol theUnited States is,

.1. ln combination, a plurality ol separatei y actuated valves, nozzlesor nozzle sections controlled thereby, and a means antici* tine; themovement oi the valves, lor the eflective discharge of a nozzle ornozzle section.

.in co1 binatiom a plurality of nozzles or no; l ions, a plurality otseparately nel 1 van/es, nach having an open and a closerL position butno intermediate, and a valve tor varying theclleclive discharge of anozzle or nozzle section.

ln combination, a plurality oi' separately actuated means for varyingthe crosssecl., ional area rl' .a fluid colunni, with a def' ing betweenthe opt-.ningr and closiin i live ol the said means f'or varyin r the .lvolume' of tluid delivered there' in. conibinafion, a pluralityv olfSinni lrately actuated valves coi'itrol'finf;` the iid-- l .missionmeans which precedes the action ol each valve lor admitting or cuttingoli a volume ol elastic fluid to a motor, with a ol' fluid which isless` than that controlled by one olA the inst-mentioned. valves.

In combination, a valve responsive to yspeed changes which opens andcloses to control tliepassage of :i certain volume ol lluid, withasecond valve acting on the saine luid, which always precedes the actionollthe 'first both opening and closing. y 6. ln combination, a' valvewhich has am open and a closed position but no intermediate', with athrottle valve iii-.ting in conjunction -therewith and preceding` it inAits actions. y

7. ln combination, a valve responsive to s eed Vchanges which controlsthe passage of uid,'-'a throttling lvalve which acts before and afterthe first-named valve, and a means foi" regulating the action of thethrottlii'ig valve. i

r8. In combination, e valve responsivetto S eed changes which controlsthe passage of uid,cia tl'irottling viilve which actsbcfore and afterthe first-named valve, and an aut vmat-ic governing means which controlsthe action of the throttling valve.

9. ln combination, a valve which controls y l' 25 /the passage of fluid,a tlirottling valve which I/scts before and after.tlirst-named valve,and an automatic over-ning means `which controls the. action o bothvalves. i

Y1t). ln combination, a plurality of no/.zles

passage of Huid therethrough, an( ,a,throt-"I tling valve wliichactsbefore and after the nozzlevalves and always on the sainefnozzle ornozzle section. y

11.. In a turbine, the combination el n. plurality of nozzlesWhchdeliver lluiil to e iston in the'forni of a continuous ycolumn orelt, valves successively acting on one side of ythe column or belt tovary its active width, and a tlirottle valve which always iifctsontheopposite side ot the column or belt. 12.` In a turbine, the combinationof a plurality of nozzles which` deliver fluid to a piston iii-thel'olim of a continuous column or belt, vulves successively acting` onone side ol'" the column or belt yto varyits width, a valve throttliiigone portilin ofV the column, and a' specil-respoiisive device whichcontrols the -nozzie valves and also the throttle valve.

13]'. In fl-lturbinc', the combinatioii olI it plurality o'l' nozzles'which deliver fluid to a pistonr in the toi-.iii olf :i continuouscolumn'or belt, valves suiffi'essively acting on one side of the4collie-,iii or belt to var width, a throt- -tley valvt, en d :i speedy'pensive device wl'iicl'i ciiiisesi'th. throttlerfvzi-lve t-o operatebefore :iii lii'l`tcr :i nozzle valve tel. ln combination, miens i'ordischarging lliiid in the lei-in of a oluninjia'device l rI varvii'ig'the cross-sectional area of the ,c 'lf'' umn by' positivelycutting sections theie'ctf intoland out ole service, and other meansacting'. on the column to gradually vary its cross-sectional arca.-

orvnozzle sections, valves for contro ling tlie/ discharging a columnolA lInid, :1nd` mea-iis acting'on the column :it two points tor varyingitscross-section.

v16, ln combination,mea-iis for discharging a column of lluid, meansacting on botli sides oll the'colunin for varying its cross-section,

and means acting i'i-lternzitely on the sides ol the column lor varying'the cross-sectional 'arca of the coluiiii'i. v

17. Tn combinationpa steam chest., n. pluralityol' valves cont-rollinglthe passage ol steam?tlicrclroiii. :i chaiiiberedpocket loi'med inthechest, imd ii. valve which controls the passage ol' tluid from lthechest into the cliaiiibcred pocket.

i8. lii combination, :i steam chest, a valve controllingl the passageol'v steam therefrom, ii i cliainbcrcd pocket which is provided with :ivalve contri'illii'igthe delivery, and a balanccd throttling vulve whichcontrols the passage ol' steam l'roiii the chest to the. pocket.

19. In combination, :in electricallyv :ictuii-t'ed means forcontrollingl `the zi-iiionnt ot fluid supplied to :in elastic-Huidmotor, and ninechanically actuated controlling means acting inconjunction with the lirst.

I 20. ln combination, a pair ol regulating' devices, one lfor line :uidt'lieot her l'or coarse regiihttioiu and iin automatic governing meanswhich acts successively on siiid dcvices;4

2l. li'i combiniition, a throttle vulve for line regulation, a valvewliicliliiis :in opi-n and a closed position but no intermediate l'orcoarse regulation, and a specil-i'esponsive device which acts on thevalves successively.

22. ln coinbinetion, a' regulating device lor li'iie regulatioii, a`second regulating` device l'or coarse regulation, :i specil-rcsponsivedevice, and. a lost-motion connection bctween thesiieeil-rcsponsive,device and the two devices l'or operating themsuccessively.

ing devices, a lever which is pivotally connected toybotli ol sinddevices, and a specd ln. combination, indepei'ident regulat-l responsivedevice which actuates the lever. 24. lniconibination, independentrcgulating devices, a spei-id-responsive device, and means actuated bythe spec(l-rcsponsivedevice for impartingreciprocating motion to one of,said devices and rotary or rocking motion toffthe other.

25. ln combination, a regulating device 26. In combination, a Yplurality'of sepa-A rately actuated valves for regulating the edf mission oiacolumn of fluidr to the wheel ol a turbine,- .with a conduit whichsupplies I 65 f 15. 1n combination,` separate passages for l fluid underpressure -to all of the valves, sind cutting off the supply of fluid `tothe conduit,

and a second conduit for emptying the irst after the said auxiliar-yinea-ns acts.

29. In a turbine, the coniblnation. of a bucket wheel, a conduit which'encji'cles the wheel, valve chests connected to the conduit andreceiving' motive fluid therefrom, a plu` rality of nozzles whichreceive fluid from the valve chests and deliver it to the wheel, andvalves located within the chests forcontrolling the passage of fluidfrom the conduit to the wheel.

30. In combination, nozzles for dischargingfluid to a bucket wheel,valves for the nozzles, a steamcarrying conduit, an einer gency valve'mounted therein, arclicf valve for releasing the contents of theconduit, and a means for successively actuating the einergency andrelief valves. 3l. In combination, nozzles for delivering fluid to thebuckets of a wheel, a conduit, an emergency valve mounted therein, arelief valve, a shaft for o erating the emergency valve, a means mova lewitlitlie shaft for actuatinnr the relief valve, and a weight whichiirst c oscs the emergency' valve and then opens the relief valve. i l i32. In a governing mechanism,A the combination of a fluid-carryingconduit, a plurality of passages receivingiluid from the conduit anddeIivering it to a bucket wheel, a condenser, a connection from theconduit to the condenser which shunts the wheel, and a means controllingthe passage of fluid therethrough.

33. In a governing mechanism, the combination ol' a lluid-carryingcondii it,.means receiving lluid from the conduit and delivering it to abucket wheel,regulating devices for varying thcvolunie of fluiddelivered by the means, a condenser, and an emergency governorresponsive to abnormal conditions, comprising a valve which cuts ofi'the supply of motive fluid to the conduit and a second valve thatdischarges the contents of the conduit into the condenser.

34. In a governing or controlling device, the combination el' aA Contactcylinder, brushes mountcdfor engagement with the cylinder, and ineansforsuccessively lifting the. brushes frointhe cylinder.

35. In a governor or controlling device, the combination of twocylinders, brushes 'ally su ppo rted` YContact devices,

and" their holders, and means arranged on i one cylinder f or raisingthe brushes from the other.

. .11,36. In a governor or controlling device, the ,combination ci apair of cylinders which 70 are geared together, and a plurality of coi1-tact devices which normally engage with one cylinder and are nioved outof engagement therewith by the other cylinder.

37. In a the combination of parallel cylinders, pivotand means on onecylinder for forcing' one end of the de vice away from its axis andcausing the said device to break circuit with the other cylgginder.

In a governor or controlling device, the combination of a air ofcylinders, gearing between the cylim ers, and devices which' makeelectrical contact with one cylinder 35 and are actuated by the other. i

39. In a governor or controlling device, the combination of a contactcylinder, a cani cylinder, contact devices moved by the cam cylinder'out ol' engagement with the, con- 90 trolle cylinder, and means urgingthe de. vices into engagement with the Contact cylinder.

4l). In a governor or controlling' device, the vcombination ol' a pairof cylinders, gear- 95 ing between the cyliui'lors, contact devicessituated between and acting on the cylinders, and pivots l'or thedevices which are located Anearer one end than the other.

41. -In a governor or controlling device, the conibinationof parallelcylinders, means for driving one cylinder faster tlianthe other, andcontact devices actuated by one of said cylindersand making electricalcontact with the other.

42. In a governor or controlling device, the combination of a pair ofcylinders, a s ring belt which drives one cylinder faster tianthe other,andcontact devices between the cylinders, which are moved by one intoand out of action with the other.

43. In combination, a contact cylinder, brushes pivotalhr mounted forengagement therewith, and :i device l'orvactuating the. brushes througha lost-motion connection.

44. In combination, a contact cylinder, ubrushes mounted for engagementtherewith, and mechanism iiiiialiiding a losteniotion connection forseparating the cylinder and brushes.

45. In combination,- a pair of spring plates which are secured together,a pivot therefor, a contact brush 'which is mounted between Vtheends'ot' the plates and held in place by their spring-like action, and ameans for moving the plates on the pivot.

46. In.a governor or controlling device, the combination of a pair ofcylinders occupying positions parallel to each other, an in clinedsupport situated in back of the cylingovernor or controlling device, '75

